MAA members will likely recognize the following challenge that appeared on the outside of the envelope in the mailing to members or prospective members. I plan on giving this to my AP Calculus students as review for the exam or afterwards. As usual I will modify it for the student, place it in the context of an activity, broken into several parts with some hints. The original problem comes with a helpful diagram, however, unless I scan it, it would be difficult to reproduce. The problem involves a property of a point on an ellipse and requires basic understanding of the parametric form of this curve and some basic calculus and trig. The last part of the activity suggests a possible significance of this property but I'll leave the details to our astute readers.
Consider a standard ellipse, center at (0,0), with major axis of length 2a on the x-axis and minor axis of length 2b.
Let P(x,y) be a generic point on this ellipse with the restriction that P is not one of the endpoints of the major or minor axes. Consider the tangent and normal lines at P. Let P denote the point of intersection of the normal line with the x-axis and Q, the point of intersection of the tangent line with the x-axis.
Prove that (OP)(OQ) = a2-b2, where OP represents the distance between the origin and P and similarly for OQ.
Here is an outline with several parts for the student:
(a) Show that x = acos(t), y = bsin(t), 0<=t<2pi,>2-b2)/a)cos(t).
(f) Use (d) and (e) to derive the desired result: (OP)(OQ) = a2-b2
(g) Explain why we did not allow P to be an endpoint of the major or minor axes.
(h) What does the expression a2-b2 have to do with the foci of the ellipse? For EXTRA CREDIT, investigate this 'focal' property further.
Showing posts with label MAA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MAA. Show all posts
Sunday, April 15, 2007
A Challenge Problem: Ellipses and Tangents and Normals
Posted by
Dave Marain
at
8:40 AM
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Labels: calculus, ellipse, MAA, parametric, tangents, trigonometry
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